When the benefit of perfect information is not clear-cut
At current pace of development in genome sequencing, it is conceivable that in the next decade or so, affordable technology will enable nearly everyone to learn about his/her susceptibility to certain diseases due to hereditary genes. This is certainly a breakthrough in the medical field, where treatments can be tailored to individual’s genetic make-up. It maximises the desired effect while minimising the side-effects. But its impact on the industry of healthcare insurance would be less promising.
To keep premiums low, it is important to have risk-pooling at a large extent, which is the way Singapore is heading. At the extreme there is UK’s National Health Service, where everyone is a compulsory participant. I am not endorsing NHS in Singapore, as the cost of bureaucratic meddling could easily offset the intended benefit (low premium).
But the rationale for insurance is uncertainty and risk-pooling to begin with. Each of us pays a small amount (or relatively small amount) in expectation that insurers will pay a big sum on the occurrence of an unlikely (or unwanted) event. Knowledge in the link between genes and diseases greatly reduces the extent of imperfect information, and hence the extent of uncertainty, resulting in a smaller range of risk to pool - only those at the higher end.
People who have less to worry are willing to pay less in premiums, or not to buy at all. Only those who have reason to expect a claim will buy, and are willing to pay more. “Bad risk” people self-select into the customer pool, and premiums have to rise to accommodate higher frequency and severity of claims. As such, “good risk” people face even less incentive to buy at higher premiums, where their money go to pay for others’ claims. Consequently premiums have to rise again and again, until the purpose of insurance is defeated. Adverse selection due to near perfect information leads to market failure in insurance, leaving customers worse off.
Whether to have genetic privacy law looks difficult. The law is to avoid genetic discrimination by the insurers. If there is this law, we have insider information on our genes and our susceptibility to associated diseases, but our insurers don’t have. It can lead to market failure as described above. If there is no such law, insurance does not function well too. The cost can be prohibitively high for people with certain known risks, hitting those not well-to-do especially hard.
Such is the difficult impact of genome research on healthcare insurance. As for now, I don’t favour a genetic privacy law, because the common practice of checking family history is equivalent to what genetic information is trying to reveal.
A more thorough analysis on the topic can be found in the latest issue of The Economist.
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September 1st, 2007 at 1:18 am
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September 1st, 2007 at 10:53 pm
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September 8th, 2007 at 8:50 am
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September 9th, 2007 at 5:30 pm
you are quite complicated, but do you happen to know anything bout genetic manipulation? do singapore’s medical field ever discussed such a possibility? i mean it would be useless to detect a disease when it turns out that the disease cannot be prevented… however, genetic manipulation may well help a person from developing any uncurable or unpleasant genetic deformations…
September 10th, 2007 at 9:47 pm
To borrow your title, as I see it, genome sequencing is clearly genetic manipulation, as crEsCeNt, one of your commentators, mentioned.However lofty the purpose is, genetic manipulation echoes the exploits of the famed (or infamous ) Dr. Victor Frankenstein, a character in the novel written by Mary Shelley ” The Modern Prometheus”. Prometheus was the Titan who supposedly created mankind. Frankenstein was the mad scientist who created a “perfect creature”. Well we know how the story ended. Genetic manipulation can only be done at the ” creation level” and not during existence. It is not a cure but alteration or, to use a softer term, variation of genes, the basic unit of heredity.Science definitely bestowed upon man the power to change and modify the beings around him, himself included.
This impacts not only the health care industry but the whole world as well.
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September 16th, 2007 at 10:39 pm
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September 17th, 2007 at 10:01 am
保险公司到时就会把你的基因健全因素为理由，向你推销医药保健卡。保险金你死后收不到，可能不会买。但医药费是你活着的事，你算一算，负担不起‘有机会’负担的医药费就一定会买医药保健卡。保险公司还是会在这种机制生存的。你的基因健全度越是透明化，保险公司越是方便做他们的预算。若科学有一天能100%预测出你未来的身体状况，逻辑上那是不受保的。为什么保险公司要把钱送给一定会患癌症的人？我们又为什么在知道自己未来很健康的情况下投保？你们懂我的意思了，那是不准的，还是会有意外的，有意外就有保险，就是保险公司有必要请多一些统计师做一些或然率的计算而已。
September 18th, 2007 at 9:49 am
^^ it seems u had attracted a great deal of comments. And mine probably will be hidden among the ‘bushes’ ^^
an attractive & informative blog. thanks.
September 19th, 2007 at 6:37 am
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October 4th, 2007 at 4:40 pm
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October 4th, 2007 at 7:40 pm
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October 5th, 2007 at 9:22 pm
Stupid me: I don’t understand much ’bout yer essay, but
My opinion: I think it’s good, more than good for sure. Then,
My question: How will you change the world by it?
Regads
October 5th, 2007 at 9:31 pm
no comements
October 5th, 2007 at 9:48 pm
Its really true that people’s lives depends on the doctors as well as other health practitioners. We just hope that their faith and belief will lead them in the right way to heal the sick.
October 7th, 2007 at 6:13 am
Yah..your right all the people now adays depends on the doctors..unlike b4 wayback the golden days that the people depends on the albularyo..Thats why we are proud of the young doctors now adays..mabuhay…
October 8th, 2007 at 10:58 pm
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October 9th, 2007 at 1:00 am
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of arnold whopost on sept. 10… anyway nice blogs guys…
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October 12th, 2007 at 3:05 am
no offense…
how sure are you with it?
i guess.. that really depends upon the people if they’ll believe… how luring can be some information… how good and bad are they..
October 14th, 2007 at 6:29 am
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i want to healthy person……;.,’/.;,’/.
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October 23rd, 2007 at 1:34 am
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October 24th, 2007 at 7:02 pm
Whether to have genetic privacy law looks difficult. The law is to avoid genetic discrimination by the insurers. If there is this law, we have insider information on our genes and our susceptibility to associated diseases, but our insurers don’t have. It can lead to market failure as described above. If there is no such law, insurance does not function well too
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November 30th, 2007 at 6:48 am
This genome project, as I see it, uplifts human’s hope for longevity of well being by tracing possible human imperfections and finding ways to alter it for good. This may sound interesting and brilliant product of high-technology, but in the long run, we will see several diasadvantages accompanying this breakthough, including the above-stated concern by Yi Zheng.
Today, the implementation of this project still considers a very small scope, for people still seeks to weigh between advantages and disadvantages.
For me, no one can really tell to which of these outweighs because this is a very complicated web of issue, not only concerning science & technology but more importantly, the morality.
This outbreak even more concerns me to where is this leading up to?
I am just really confused why people keep on going beyond what is nature.
there’s a lot of questions boggling my mind regarding this project, not only the insurance thing but more of the picture of the future generations.
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December 27th, 2007 at 10:37 pm
humans what fuels them and their essence? wouldn’t you want to push the limits, go beyond the age with a certain wage ticket. we rely on God but we don’t defy Him. conducting these research might help a lot of people.
technology & new found science made possible for these genetic imperfections to be altered. tailoring facial expression & body curves too? truthfully some of us can & can’t afford it. yet one day our children may live free from canceric cause & other health complications. as of that beauty parts & all that plastic surgery is something extra. hopefully humans would be more grateful of they have.
for those unabled financial wise, therefore they go for insurance. it isn’t about taking benefits hoping for a big sum compensation later. It’s a necessity securing life’s uncertainty unless you have such mad figure in your bank account.
the money that you throw premium or non monthly inside the whirlpool not just helps you but the people within. think & take it as donating while you’re preparing yourself for the worst.
of course the people who provides these takes most of the cash pool but there’s always a hierarchy or system that you have to be in unless you make the system. the ties that binds us is not to be greed but give then feed. where we’re heading? I just hope we won’t go as far as human cloning but I heard now it’s already been conducted for military & espionage purposes.
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February 2nd, 2008 at 3:32 am
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wow….i must look my Oxford Dict to translate some of that words but after all I enjoyed this blog
February 9th, 2008 at 5:20 am
i never fancy living a longer life than what God plans but whenever i see babies born w/ deficiencies unexplainable… i cannot grasp why the injustice. and so, genetic manipulation becomes a great vision.
good piece of writing….
February 10th, 2008 at 7:32 am
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April 6th, 2008 at 5:16 am
Hello, world!
I feel very optimistic about genome sequencing or genetic manipulation. After all, it is a branch of science and technology. Any research or technological breakthrough as history tells us all have a common goal and purpose: to enhance the quality of our lives.
Genome sequencing is such a technology that I believe is very inevitable. In infancy stage though, it is just right to think that the possibilities are endless. It is but normal that while grasping the truth about those things comes several myths that brings fear to the whole world. Think for example when computer softwares and hardwares were still young. There was a fear about loss of many jobs among human, and remember the Y2K bug? We see that nothing bad really happened.
I understand your fear about genome sequencing impact on the healthcare insurance system. Certainly, when this technology is ubiquitous some businesses would forgo. That is the truth about this constantly changing world. The computer and Internet again for example, its advent causes the phase out of fax machines, telegraph service, and electronic typewriters — industries that were once part of this world. But nowadays we see arising new industries like call centers, web programming and eCommerce-related.
Another example is the automobile technology. Imagine yourself in the age of chariots and you’re hearing about the coming of engine-based vehicle. Of course you would fear about the downfall of certain businesses like manufacturers of chariot bodies or wheels. But automobile’s advent creates more industries like motors, petroleums, highway constructions, travel, fastfood chains, and motels.
So why the fuss about genome sequencing or genetic manipulation? For as long as its mother is SCIENCE, isn’t it but wonderful or exciting to accept this breakthrough?
I simply believe that science corroborates the will and words of God. It is just man’s self-interest coupled with cruelty that makes the world unfriendly. TECHNOLOGY IS JUST A TOOL in which any one may apply it positively or negatively. The core of the problem in fact is in the hearts of some people.
April 6th, 2008 at 7:51 pm
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April 7th, 2008 at 10:12 am
Genetic manipulation has long been practiced in plants. Look at genetically modified organisms, for all we know we are already eating some of this food. That’s probably the reason why there are new diseases now that are incurable, virulent new viruses which are resistant to drugs. Genetic manipulation whether in plants or humans, has its advantages and disadvantages, however, even as they modify the plants, it already causes new problem. For every gene that they manipulate there will always be an unknown effect that I am unsure whther we can handle it or not. As far as I know, there are more people now in the hospital than in the past. There are more new diseases and more people are sick than in the past. Research on predisposing factors on genetically susceptible diseases does not really guarantee that one will never get sick in the future. More diseases or sickness now are not genetically acquired but brought about by precipitating factors in our lifestyle. What we eat, drink, or breath. Genetics may predispose us at certain disease but not necessarily shield us from it. So insurance company need not worry much about it, I guess…:)
April 9th, 2008 at 2:51 pm
MY PEOPLE STILL WORRY WITH SPECIAL AUTHONOMY FUND
THE WORLD BANK, EUROPEAN UNION,AND IMF, MUST STOPPING HELP NKRI FOR PRESSING, MURDERING, ATTACKING PAPUA PEOPLE BY THE SPECIAL AUTHONOMY FUND, THE ARE SO BIGEST MONEY USING BY MILITARY AND LEGAL AND ILLEGAL IMIGRANTS.WE NEVER ASK THE SPECIAL AUTHONOMY FOR WEST PAPUANS BUT ONLY THE INDONESIA,USA,UK,AUSTRALIA GOVERNMENT CAN PRESS MY PEOPLE TO TAKE AND AGREE IT.THIS IS MODERN COLONISM SYSTEM COME TO TRUE IN MY ISLAND OF WEST PAPUA.JAKARTA, THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE WORLD BANK, IMF MUST STOPING IT SOON, THOUSE MONEY YOU ONLY HELP GOVERNMENCIAL, BIROCRACY, INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS IN THE REGION.MY PEOPLE, THE FIRST IS INTELECTUALIST, UNIVERSITY STUDENT, STUDENT AND MY PEOPLE MAKING LONG RULE TO FIGTHTING FOR FREEDOM AMOUNT OF THE BIGEST WELKNOWN DEMOCRACY AND JUSTICES MAKING VIOLATIONS THE INTERNATIONAL LAW AGAINT.WE ARE WORRY WHAT THEY WANT OF US, I THINK WE EVER HELP THEM MORE THAN 40 YEARS, WHY THEY STILL DIDN’T HEARING MY PEOPLE LONG STRUNGLE, IN WEST SOUTHERN PAPCIFIC PEOPLE, NOT EASTHERN ASIA (BECAUSE MY PEOPLE IS NOT MALAYO) WE ARE ONE SELF NATIONS MUST BE GET FREE FULL INDEPENDENT. sorry we are so late sentback because so far we are in west papua remotest area so just now, we can say thanks for your media release!!!!!.
April 10th, 2008 at 7:08 am
seesryhrtut
April 12th, 2008 at 9:39 pm
my only aim is to be happy.. to live a simple life.. i dont wish to be perfect and become techy.. my greatest dream is to find contentment and happiness.. i hope that the content of your blog has something to do with your happiness and contentment in life..
April 19th, 2008 at 8:25 pm
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April 20th, 2008 at 6:18 am
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April 23rd, 2008 at 12:13 pm
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April 26th, 2008 at 7:10 pm
no one in diz world is perfect…….
April 26th, 2008 at 7:11 pm
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April 27th, 2008 at 7:56 pm
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April 27th, 2008 at 11:01 pm
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May 6th, 2008 at 11:22 pm
good
May 17th, 2008 at 10:02 am
Yeah, i don’t this is the issue to worry about. i’m agreed with Joy. If u are screened to have certain cancer gene marker in your gene profile, it doesn’t meant u ‘ll have cancer in future.
May 19th, 2008 at 7:28 pm
fantastic!
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May 26th, 2008 at 8:47 am
i work for a company that does sequencing and disease risk prediction for the common people
. you should take a look at the GINA law passed by the US, it clearly states a person’s genome or any other DNA based information cannot be used by insurers or employers or anybody else to value a person. my bet is that most of the countries are gonna follow up on this and have their own versions of this law. so there isn’t much to worry about the insurers asking people to pay up coz of their genes. besides no body can say a guy is gonna get a heart attack for sure, it’s all probabilities that people get out of cheap genetic testing. if genome sequencing hits the markets(which will happen in less than 3 years), then people have to worry about their genetic data, privacy and issues like that
May 26th, 2008 at 11:54 pm
punks not deid
May 27th, 2008 at 7:46 pm
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May 27th, 2008 at 9:06 pm
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June 3rd, 2008 at 5:34 am
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June 6th, 2008 at 5:02 pm
hai
June 7th, 2008 at 8:27 pm
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and
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June 9th, 2008 at 1:53 pm
And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart. You shall teach them diligthly to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit your house. Duet 6:6-7 GOD BLESSED YOU ALL
June 11th, 2008 at 12:48 am
km mau jd tmn aku??????????????
June 13th, 2008 at 7:04 am
hi
June 20th, 2008 at 9:00 pm
hallo!
June 25th, 2008 at 11:52 pm
hmmm h! guyz…i wAnt to meet more people….
June 25th, 2008 at 11:55 pm
jUst coMment mE if u wAnt know moRe bOut my life….Just OnLY ThOSE peoPLE WhO wANTS TO KnOW ME…TakE CARE…
June 27th, 2008 at 2:35 am
hello.hi.friend,how are you now?….and your family as well…nice meeting you here in this kind of pleasures…its my honor to be with you in be part of your millions of friend you had..i wish that we could able to communicate each other to family too…i wish we would know ourselves.im looking forward for this matter friend..again nice meeting you here again..more power!!!!godbless
June 29th, 2008 at 3:33 am
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June 29th, 2008 at 4:00 am
hi
July 1st, 2008 at 10:34 pm
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July 2nd, 2008 at 9:35 am
AMAZING
July 2nd, 2008 at 9:09 pm
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July 3rd, 2008 at 5:09 am
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July 6th, 2008 at 8:41 am
hi
July 7th, 2008 at 7:56 pm
got other story!!!!!…..
July 8th, 2008 at 4:30 am
My life full of challenging,
July 9th, 2008 at 7:33 pm
hi
July 10th, 2008 at 2:11 am
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July 12th, 2008 at 5:36 am
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July 15th, 2008 at 1:36 am
yah, its true…that is why we must know how to cope up and must know how to deal with the new advancements that this world has offered.
July 15th, 2008 at 2:03 am
HODBLESS US ALL
July 15th, 2008 at 2:04 am
GOD BLESS US ALL
July 15th, 2008 at 11:49 pm
addu ako Laranjoa@yahoo.com
July 16th, 2008 at 7:33 pm
somewhere we belong is the culture of our individual manners..,.
July 17th, 2008 at 8:11 pm
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July 18th, 2008 at 10:16 am
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July 23rd, 2008 at 1:53 am
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July 25th, 2008 at 4:37 am
danda
July 26th, 2008 at 1:28 am
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July 29th, 2008 at 8:30 pm
hellow
August 1st, 2008 at 9:39 pm
nice one…interesting since my course is related to that…genetics info…
August 3rd, 2008 at 1:33 am
wow
August 6th, 2008 at 1:50 am
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August 6th, 2008 at 8:36 pm
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August 6th, 2008 at 9:16 pm
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August 7th, 2008 at 11:54 am
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August 10th, 2008 at 11:55 pm
Hi??
August 11th, 2008 at 7:59 pm
….i really admire the writer,..
August 11th, 2008 at 9:26 pm
aaaaaaaaaaala lang….
August 14th, 2008 at 8:53 am
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August 17th, 2008 at 10:13 am
resistance to arrogance
August 17th, 2008 at 7:32 pm
itz amazing……..
August 18th, 2008 at 1:49 am
ei pls add me.
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tnx,
can we ba a good friends????
August 19th, 2008 at 10:22 pm
keep up the good work and then just relax every time you were in worried
August 20th, 2008 at 11:13 am
fany
August 20th, 2008 at 11:13 am
fanny
August 22nd, 2008 at 1:34 am
naubos na nga po yung pictuer ko sa kaaaply eh!hindi po madali maka-aply,pero tama ka po kung minsan kasi ay pinangungunahan ko na agad na hindi matatangap,dahil sa medical.thanks sa advice!
August 23rd, 2008 at 9:17 pm
ahhh.
August 23rd, 2008 at 11:25 pm
nice blog interesting creat more blog….. and keep up the good work
August 23rd, 2008 at 11:31 pm
hi,everyone!
August 27th, 2008 at 1:48 am
ala lang
September 18th, 2008 at 5:07 pm
HMMM=)
September 23rd, 2008 at 9:19 am
Al Qur’an adalah firman Allah yang di dalamnya terkandung banyak sekali sisi keajaiban yang membuktikan fakta ini. Salah satunya adalah fakta bahwa sejumlah kebenaran ilmiah yang hanya mampu kita ungkap dengan teknologi abad ke-20 ternyata telah dinyatakan Al Qur’an sekitar 1400 tahun lalu. Tetapi, Al Qur’an tentu saja bukanlah kitab ilmu pengetahuan. Namun, dalam sejumlah ayatnya terdapat banyak fakta ilmiah yang dinyatakan secara sangat akurat dan benar yang baru dapat ditemukan dengan teknologi abad ke-20. Fakta-fakta ini belum dapat diketahui di masa Al Qur’an diwahyukan, dan ini semakin membuktikan bahwa Al Qur’an adalah firman Allah.
AL QUR’AN DAN ASTRONOMI
Banyak fakta, seperti penciptaan alam semesta dari ketiadaan, mengembangnya alam semesta, serta garis-garis edar planet di jagat raya, yang hanya mampu diketahui melalui astronomi modern, telah diberitakan dalam Al Qur’an sekitar 1400 tahun lalu.
AL QUR’AN DAN FISIKA
Tahukah Anda bahwa unsur besi pada awalnya terbentuk di bintang-bintang di luar angkasa, bahwa materi diciptakan berpasang-pasangan, dan bahwa waktu adalah suatu konsep yang relatif? Al Qur’an telah mengisyaratkan tentang semua fakta ilmiah ini.
AL QUR’AN DAN PLANET BUMI
Banyak fakta ilmiah, dari lapisan-lapisan atmosfir hingga fungsi geologis gunung, dari proses pembentukan hujan hingga struktur dunia bawah laut, dijelaskan dalam ayat-ayat Al Qur’an.
AL QUR’AN DAN BIOLOGI
Al Qur’an memaparkan perkembangan embrio manusia dalam rahim ibu melalui penjelasan yang benar-benar sesuai dengan penemuan embriologi modern.
INFORMASI MENGENAI PERISTIWA MASA DEPAN DALAM AL QUR’AN
Allah mengisahkan dalam Al Qur’an tentang sejumlah peristiwa penting yang akan terjadi di masa depan, dan berbagai peristiwa ini terjadi persis sebagaimana kisah tersebut. PENGETAHUAN AL QUR’AN
Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan Anda tentang Al Qur’an, Anda dapat mengunjungi, “Pengetahuan Al Qur’an” dan “Indeks Al Qur’an”. Pada bagian ini, ayat-ayat Al Qur’an dikelompokkan menurut pokok bahasannya.
September 24th, 2008 at 12:41 am
gago kayong lahat
September 24th, 2008 at 2:23 am
klah 2……………
September 24th, 2008 at 10:43 pm
ok deh!
October 1st, 2008 at 6:09 pm
hi jessa mitra 19 lovely
October 1st, 2008 at 6:10 pm
hi how are you i lovely
October 7th, 2008 at 6:15 am
bissmillahirohmanirohim
October 8th, 2008 at 5:58 am
very well said dude! kudos!
October 12th, 2008 at 1:27 am
hi!!! i ask u??how 2 create the blogs??
October 16th, 2008 at 8:37 pm
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October 19th, 2008 at 11:41 am
aku
ikutan iach
October 19th, 2008 at 11:44 am
muhammad..
gmana pendat mu tntang
alquran dngan seni
October 19th, 2008 at 10:45 pm
An acquaintance who works for WHO had his DNA taken as part of a project that is somewhat similar to this. It also aims to gather as much genetic information as possible for future generation’s reference. They tested his DNA in Texas and they found out that his DNA are similar to the DNA found in the burial site of Kublai khan.
October 19th, 2008 at 10:46 pm
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October 24th, 2008 at 9:35 pm
A HOMESICKNESS…Lonliness residing in this heart of mine For those giggles and laughters a far Yearning heart cannot be hidden with a veil of smile. Nor the other beautiful in the world can’t even be swept It seems nigthmare haunting over me …The vastness of the ocean,amezing,though it maybe Enormous sky, glorious as can be are just the soround that keep us I stay captive in this land. Dwelt by the shivering winter breeze….bright rays from approaching summer days assuring to thaw out this frozen aches as rosebush plying open each petal momentarily, I endeavor to wriggle out this captivity for I still have no more winter alone to stay.
October 25th, 2008 at 5:29 am
~^hello poh…?
October 27th, 2008 at 9:08 am
what do you want
October 28th, 2008 at 3:35 pm
Thanks for writing this.
October 29th, 2008 at 3:47 am
gfj,njkdery
October 29th, 2008 at 3:47 am
hellow…………
October 29th, 2008 at 5:09 am
People should read this.
October 29th, 2008 at 6:53 pm
Salam kenal aja
November 3rd, 2008 at 6:21 am
salam kenal buat teman-teman
November 5th, 2008 at 11:12 pm
waw….so nice…i’m so glad
November 7th, 2008 at 12:06 am
anda menjadi terkenal dimana semua krn Tuhan itu baik
November 8th, 2008 at 9:17 am
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November 11th, 2008 at 12:50 am
sounds good but futile, who cares???
November 11th, 2008 at 8:23 pm
Wanna see a very good blog post……???
WANNA SEE A VERY GOOD BLOG POST IN FRIENDSTER???
VISIT http://www.luxetveritas.blog.friendster.com
juz copy the link above…
tnx…
November 11th, 2008 at 8:24 pm
Wanna see a very good blog post……???
WANNA SEE A VERY GOOD BLOG POST IN FRIENDSTER???
VISIT http://www.luxetveritas.blog.friendster.com
juz copy the link above…
tnx…
November 11th, 2008 at 10:32 pm
gfhhh
November 13th, 2008 at 4:01 am
blogyaterlalu standar
aku kasih kamu nilai c-
neeh lihat karya ku
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FS :arries.star@yahoo.co.id
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November 24th, 2008 at 2:31 am
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November 25th, 2008 at 12:12 pm
saya ingin dunia mengenal diri saya
November 28th, 2008 at 12:50 am
saya ingin dunia mengenal diri saya
November 30th, 2008 at 1:27 am
nice blogs..enteresting
ajarin aku buat blog dong
December 2nd, 2008 at 1:37 am
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December 2nd, 2008 at 11:15 pm
it”s wonderful”s
December 10th, 2008 at 4:43 am
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December 12th, 2008 at 1:00 am
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December 13th, 2008 at 10:14 pm
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December 18th, 2008 at 6:32 am
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December 22nd, 2008 at 6:30 pm
so nice
December 23rd, 2008 at 12:34 am
hi ……
December 27th, 2008 at 2:33 am
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December 27th, 2008 at 1:52 pm
gree
December 30th, 2008 at 9:02 pm
is taht your theory or what?
January 2nd, 2009 at 11:54 am
very good!!
January 3rd, 2009 at 2:17 am
hello
January 3rd, 2009 at 2:17 am
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/
January 6th, 2009 at 8:56 pm
……………a nightmare has yet to come…………..
January 10th, 2009 at 8:19 pm
NICE ONE KEEP BLOGING MORE……..
January 10th, 2009 at 8:54 pm
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January 10th, 2009 at 8:57 pm
I Love you All My friends
January 11th, 2009 at 1:41 am
mike
January 13th, 2009 at 1:45 am
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January 28th, 2009 at 12:05 am
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February 2nd, 2009 at 7:09 am
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February 2nd, 2009 at 8:27 am
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February 2nd, 2009 at 10:23 am
Welcom to skandal
dunia maya
February 2nd, 2009 at 10:25 am
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February 2nd, 2009 at 10:28 am
Welcom to skandal
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February 2nd, 2009 at 10:30 am
Welcom to friendt skandal
February 2nd, 2009 at 10:31 am
hy..skandal
February 6th, 2009 at 1:01 am
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February 10th, 2009 at 1:31 am
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February 14th, 2009 at 7:20 pm
music n video
February 15th, 2009 at 5:22 am
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February 24th, 2009 at 5:32 pm
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March 6th, 2009 at 6:27 am
The World As I See It
March 7th, 2009 at 11:51 pm
that neat!
March 9th, 2009 at 7:25 pm
…………………nobody’s perfect……………………..
March 10th, 2009 at 7:35 pm
,,,,,,,,,,,,,no man,,,,,,,,,,,no cry,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
March 12th, 2009 at 6:26 am
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Actually, I didn’t even know what was just typed up there….
Hhhhhh….
@_@
March 12th, 2009 at 8:01 pm
Pergi mampus. Budak Biadab.
Jahanam you.
March 12th, 2009 at 8:04 pm
Orang Malaysia, tapi tolong singapura.
Pergi mampus. Budak Biadab.
Jahanam you.
Traitor !
Pengkianap.
March 14th, 2009 at 8:21 am
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March 17th, 2009 at 9:06 am
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March 19th, 2009 at 10:32 pm
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March 22nd, 2009 at 10:22 pm
…………………ithink you r very complicataed??????why?????
March 26th, 2009 at 12:10 am
sumpah aq benci bgt sam yg namax cinta, berulg kali dia nyakitin aq….
bullshit z smuax, gak ad yg bsa buat snang, yg ad hanya air mata….
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March 29th, 2009 at 11:26 pm
nice topic but you did not notice the real problem…..
April 13th, 2009 at 10:37 pm
Pakero, Budak Bodoh.
Don’t talk so much…but do nothing.
Dig your own backside.
Asshole, Nibong boi.
April 16th, 2009 at 8:35 am
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April 18th, 2009 at 7:59 pm
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April 26th, 2009 at 4:56 am
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May 17th, 2009 at 6:25 am
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